Social Function: Social Function:
To describe the way things are, with reference to arrange of natural , man-made and social phenomena in our environment. To describe a particular person, place or thing.
Generic Structure: Generic Structure:
Classification:
Tells what the phenomenon under discussion is.
Description:
Tells what the phenomenon under discussion is like in terms of (1)parts,(2)qualities,(3)habit or behaviors, if living, uses, if non-natural. Identification:
Identifies Phenomenon to be described.
Description:
Describesparts, qualities,
characteristics.
Significant Lexicogrammatical Features: Significant Lexicogrammatical Features:
Focus on generic participant.
Use of relational processes to state what is and that which it is.
Use of simple present tenses (unless extinct).
No temporal sequence. Focus on specific participants.
Use of attributive and identifying processes.
Frequent use of ephitets and classifiers in nominal groups.
Use of simple present tense.
Recount Narrative
Social Function :
To retell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining. Social Function :
To amuse, entertain and to deal with actual or vicarious. Experience in different ways; narrative deal with problematic events which lead to a crisis of turning point of some kind, which in turn finds a resolution.
Generic Structure :
1. Orientation : Provides the setting and introduces participants
2. Events : Tell what happened in what sequence
3. Re-Orientation : Optional closure of events Generic Structure :
1. Orientation : sets the scene and introduces the participants
2. Evaluation : a stepping back to evaluate the plight
3. Complication : a crisis arises
4. Resolution : the crisis is resolved for better or for worse
5. Re-Orientation : optional
Significant Lexica grammatical Features
1. Focus on specific participants
2. Use of material processes
3. Circumstances of time and place
4. Use of past tense
5. Focus on temporal sequence Significant Lexica grammatical Features
1. Focus on specific and usually individualized participants
2. Use of material processes and in the text. Behavioral and verbal processes
3. Use of relational processes and mental processes
4. Use of temporal conjunctions and temporal circumstances
5. Use of past tense
PROCEDURE
Social function:
To describe how something is accomplished trough a sequence of actions or steps.
Generic Sturcture:
• Goal
• Materials ( not required for all procedural texts )
• Steps 1-n ( Goal followed by a series of steps oriented to achieving the goal )
Language Features: ( Significant lexicogrammatical features )
• Focus on generalized human agents
• Use of simple present tense, often imperative
• Use mainly of temporal conjunctions ( or numbering to indicate sequence )
• Use mainly of material processes
GENRES
*EXPOSITION(HORTATORY)
-Social Function
To persuade the reader or listener that something should not be the case.
-Generic Structure
Thesis : announcement of issue concern.
Arguments : reasons for concern leading
to recommendation.
Recommendation : statement of what ought or ought not to
happen.
-Significant Lexicogrammatical Features
Focus on generic human and non human participants except
for speaker or writer referring to self.
Use of:
- Mental Processes :to state what writer thinks or feels
about issue, e.g.realize, feel, appreciate.
- Material Processes :to state what happens, e.g., is
polluting, drive, travel, spend, should be treated.
- Relational Processses :to state what is or should be, e.g.,
doesn’t seem to have been, is.
Use of simple present tense.
*EXPOSITION(ANALYTICAL)
-Social Function
To persuade the reader or listener that somethings the case.
-Generic Structure
Thesis
Position :Introduces topic and indicate writer’s position.
Preview :Outlines the main arguments to be presented.
Arguments
Point :Restates main arguments outlined in preview.
Elaboration :Develops and supports each point/argument.
Reiteration restates writer’s position.
-Significant Lexicogrammatical Features
Focus on generic human and non human participants.
Use of simple presents tense.
Use of relational processes.
Use of internal conjunction to state argument.
Reasoning through Causal Conjunction or nominalization.
NEWS ITEM
SOCIAL FUNCTION
To inform readers, listeners, of viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.
GENERIC STRUCTURE
Newsworthy events : Recounts the event in summary form.
Background events : Elaborate what happened, to whom in what circum stances.
Sources : Comments by participants in witnesses to and authorities expert on the event.
SIGNIFICANT LEXICOGRAMMATICAL FEATURES
Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline.
Use of material processes to retell the event (in the text below, many of the Material Processes are nominalised).
Use projecting verbal processes in sources stage.
Focus on circumstances (e : g mostly within qualifiers).
ANECDOTE
SOCIAL FUNCTION
To share with others an account of an unusual or amusing incident.
GENERIC STRUCTURE
Abstract : Signals the retelling of an unusual incident.
Orientation : Sets the scene.
Crisis : Provides details of the unusual incident.
Reaction : Reaction to crises.
Coda : Optional – reflection on or evaluation of the incident.
SIGNIFICANT LEXICOGRAMMATICAL FEATURES
Use of exclamation, rhetorical questions and intensifiers creally, very, quite,etc. to point up the significance of the events.
Use of material processes to tell what happened.
Use of temporal conjuctions.
Explanation
Social : To explain the processes involed in the formation or workings of natural or sociocultural phenomena.
Generic Structure : - A general statement to position the reader.
- A sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs.
Significant Lexicrogramatical
Features : Focus on generic, non- human Participants.
Use mainly of Material and Relational Processes.
Use mainly of temporal and causal Circumstances and Conjunctions.
Some use of passive voice to got theme right.
REVIEW
Social : to critique an art work, event for public audience.
Such works of art include movies, TV shows, books, plays, operas, recordings, exhibitions, concerts and ballets.
Generic Structure :
- Orientation : Places the work in it’s general and particular context often by comparing it with other it’s kind or through analouge with a non-art.
- Interpretive recount summaries the plot and or pounds an account of how the reviewed rendition of the work came into being ; is optional, but if present, often recursive.
- Evaluation : Provides an evaluation of the work and or it’s performance or production : is usually recursive.
- Evaluative summation : prevides a kind of purehine wich sums up the reviewer’s opinion of the art event as a whole ; is optional.
Significant Lexicrogramatical
Features : - focus on Particular Participants.
- Direct expression of options through use of Attitudi nal Ephites in nominal groups, Qualitative Attributes and Affective Mental Processes.
- Use of celebrating and extending clause and groups complexes to package in the information.
- Use of metaphorical language e.g., The wit was there, dexterously Ping Ponged to the fro
DISCUSSION
Social function :
To present (at least) two points of view about an issue (persoalan)
Generic structure:
• Issue
*statement
*Preview
• Arguments for and againts or statement of differing points of view
*point
*ellaboration
• Conciusion or recommendation
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